Steve Tippins, Ph.D.

APA Font Size: A Guide to Proper Formatting

Before the 7th edition of the APA Style Manual, there were not many options for the font size and style. However, the 7th edition allows for a variety of font sizes and styles. The range for the font sizes is from 8 to 14 points, and the font styles are those that allow for the greatest readability. For the written text, usually the preferred size is from 10 point to 12 point. There are also new rules for using bold and italics.

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Citing a Podcast in APA Style (7th Edition)

Podcasts are a source of valuable and citable information. Podcasts are digital audio or video broadcasts that can be accessed and downloaded online or downloaded to personal devices. In some instances, podcasts may contain both audio and visual components. They are copyrighted information, so it is necessary provide a reference to avoid copyright infringement and plagiarism risks. APA provides separate formats for an entire podcast, a transcript of a podcast, and an individual episode. 

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APA Footnotes: A How-To (7th Edition)

According to APA 7th edition, you should only use footnotes when you absolutely must to clarify some information, for quotations, or for copyrighted material. The information in the footnote should be concise and should not include long paragraphs. If you …

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What Is Internal Validity?

What is internal validity? The validity of a research study refers to how well the results among study participants represent the reality of similar individuals outside the study. Internal validity is the extent to which the results of a study …

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